土地利用变化后不同种植年限香榧土壤微生物群落的组成及多样性

为探究毛竹林改种香榧后以及香榧种植年限的增加对土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响,并研究其与土壤肥力因子的关系,运用高通量测序技术,研究毛竹林、香榧5a、香榧+山稻5a、香榧10a和香榧30a 土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的变化.结果表明土地利用改变后,土壤中细菌群落的Shannon指数和Chao l指数显著增加...     

Integrated risk assessment framework for transformation products of emerging contaminants: what we know and what we should know

● A better risk assessment can combine the improved non-target analysis method. ● Multi-evidence is advised in molecular determination and risk-based prioritization. ● Combining omics, multi-endpoint EDA, and machine learning to assess product risks. The continuous input of various emerging contaminants (ECs) has inevitably introduced large amounts of transformation products (TPs) in natural and engineering water scenarios. Structurally similar to the precursor species, the TPs are expected to possess comparative, if not more serious, environmental properties and risks. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the integrated risk assessment frameworks of TPs of ECs, mainly involving the exposure- and effect-driven analysis. The inadequate information within existing frameworks that was essential and critical for developing a better risk assessment framework was discussed. The main strategic improvements include (1) non-targeted product analysis in both laboratory and field samples, (2) omics-based high-throughput toxicity assessment, (3) multichannel-driven mode of action in conjugation with effect-directed analysis, and (4) machine learning technology. Overall, this review provides a concise but comprehensive insight into the optimized strategy for evaluating the environmental risks and screening the key toxic products from the cocktail mixtures of ECs and their TPs in the global water cycle. This facilitates deciphering the mode of toxicity in complex chemical mixtures and prioritizing the regulated TPs among the unknown products, which have the potential to be considered a class of novel “ECs” of great concern.     

长江流域河流和湖库的浮游细菌群落差异

在长江流域自江源区至入海口的干流重点区域、八大一级支流和多个重点湖库设置了 177个样点开展浮游细菌调查,采用基于细菌16S rRNA基因的单分子实时测序技术研究浮游细菌群落的空间分布差异,期望在更广的调查范围和更高的物种注释精度上阐明长江流域浮游细菌群落结构的分布特征.首先分析了各采样点浮游细菌的α多样性状况,发现长...     

光质对小球藻(Chlorella sorokiniana)生长和代谢机制的调控

为研究光质对小球藻(Chlorella sorokiniana)生长和代谢机制的影响,分析了不同光质下C. sorokiniana的生长情况,利用Illumina平台进行转录组测序.结果表明:红､蓝光是C. sorokiniana生长的有效光质,红､蓝光培养7d后藻细胞密度分别比白光对照组的高52.96%和61.11%.C. sorokiniana在不同光质下具有独特的生理特性,蓝光组Chl a､Chl b和Car最高,分别为(17.84±0.26), (8.39±0.19), (6.04±0.08) mg/L;红光培养7d后微藻的碳水化合物和脂质含量最高,分别达到了(115.60±1.81)μg/mg和(18.64±0.54)%.通过转录组测序分析,不同光质下C. sorokiniana的基因表达存在差异,红光下碳酸酐酶､乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶的基因表达量较高,差异表达的基因大部分参与了脂肪酸合成和碳固定过程;蓝光下RubisCO酶的基因表达量最高且光合系统中富集的差异基因均上调表达,光合速率和碳固定速率最快;绿光下微藻大部分的基因表达量较低,新陈代谢潜能较差;白光下C. sorokiniana的TCA循环活跃,不利于储存碳水化合物和脂质.     

基于qPCR和16S rDNA高通量测序研究蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾水体浮游细菌群落

为了探究浮游细菌和蓝藻暴发之间的关系,利用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术,对夏季蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾表层水和底泥中浮游细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究。结果表明,从门水平来看,水样和底泥中平均相对丰度最高的为变形菌门,放线菌门次之,此外蓝藻门也有一定的比例,可为水华暴发提供预警指示;从属水平来看,水样中的优势细菌主要为GpXI和GpIIa,底泥中为Gp6和GpIIa。     

Martelella sp. AD-3强化活性污泥耐盐降解菲效能

基于嗜盐菌Martelella sp. AD-3优配市政活性污泥搭建耐盐高效降解菲的生物反应器,在3.0 %盐度,进水菲浓度20mg/L的运行条件下,菲去除率高达97 %.批次实验证明,盐度为3.0 %,pH值为7.5~8.5,底物浓度为20~200mg/L是菲降解的最佳环境条件,此时污泥比活性高于1.0mg/(gVSS×h).各共存底物的受试浓度下,酵母提取物和苯酚促进菲降解,镉和氰化物则抑制该过程,乙酸钠、铜、铬对该过程没有明显影响.16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明AD-3菌在反应器内具有长期稳定性,其相对丰度维持在1.5 %.Shinella、Microbacterium和Brevundimonas是反应器中的优势菌,其相对丰度分别为20.7 %,15.1 %和11.9 %.RT-qPCR结果显示接种AD-3菌后,编码PAHs双加氧酶RHDa的功能基因差异倍数从2.1提升至11.7.     

强化反硝化除磷的新型多级缺氧-好氧工艺

基于多级缺氧-好氧(MAO)工艺和反硝化除磷理论,设计一种具有反硝化除磷功能的新型MAO工艺(DPR-MAO).实验探究了该工艺的脱氮除磷效能以及各反应池的微生物群落特征.工艺运行结果表明,稳定期COD、TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP的平均出水浓度分别为7.07,9.04,0.34,和0.49mg/L,平均去除率分别为98%、87%、99%和93%.出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准.高通量测序结果表明,各反应池中微生物以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为主,分别占61.85% ~ 75.58%、16.39% ~ 22.60%、1.52% ~ 4.76%.通过属水平的研究进一步分析发现,Thiothrix、Comamonas、Candidatus Accumulibacter、和Pseudomonas是具有反硝化除磷功能的优势菌属.DPR-MAO工艺实现了反硝化聚磷菌的富集以及污水中氮磷的高效去除.